O impacto da exploração de pedreiras na flora aquática no curso médio do rio Sirwan, na região do Curdistão iraquiano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712442025899Palavras-chave:
Geomorfologia, Processos Antropogênicos, Paisagem Fluvial, Diversidade de Espécies, Plantas AquáticasResumo
O rio Sirwan, um afluente do rio Tigre, flui do noroeste do Irã e continua através da região do Curdistão iraquiano. Ele passou por mudanças significativas devido às atividades humanas nas últimas três décadas. Esta pesquisa examina as mudanças geomorfológicas e biológicas de 1990 a 2022 causadas por perturbações causadas pelo homem. O trabalho de campo foi conduzido para determinar e avaliar a ocorrência de plantas aquáticas em lagoas formadas pela exploração de pedreiras ao longo do curso médio do rio, juntamente com medições das propriedades químicas e físicas das lagoas. Imagens de satélite do Landsat 5, Landsat 7 e Landsat 8 foram usadas para analisar as mudanças na cobertura do solo ao longo do período de estudo. As imagens indicaram impactos substanciais da exploração de pedreiras na cobertura do solo, com um aumento de terras áridas em detrimento da cobertura vegetal. De acordo com os resultados, ao longo de 33 anos, a cobertura vegetal declinou e foi substituída por solo descoberto. Houve uma correlação clara e forte entre as duas classes de cobertura do solo: cobertura vegetal vs. solo árido (r = 0,983, p < 0,05). Além disso, os resultados revelaram mudanças significativas na diversidade de plantas aquáticas entre habitats de lagoas e água corrente. Recomendamos que o monitoramento da distribuição de espécies de plantas daninhas no Rio Sirwan ajude a mitigar os desequilíbrios ecológicos e a proteger os componentes vivos e não vivos do rio. Pesquisas adicionais são necessárias para identificar estratégias para minimizar o impacto ambiental das pedreiras nesta região.
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