Clinical ketosis in dairy cows: Case reports

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5965/223811712242023713

Keywords:

cattle, metabolic diseases, hyperketonemia, peripartum

Abstract

Ketosis is a disease that affects high-yielding dairy cattle during the peripartum period, causing clinical and metabolic alterations, and significant productive and economic losses. This study aimed to report three cases of clinical ketosis in dairy cows. The three animals of the Holstein breed, reared in a semi-intensive regime, with a history of 40–45 days postpartum, showed signs of apathy, lack of appetite and drop in milk production. After clinical examination and complementary tests, one case of primary clinical ketosis and two cases of clinical ketosis secondary to left displaced abomasum or anaplasmosis were diagnosed. The animals presented hyperketonemia, ketonuria and normo or hypoglycemia, which were determined by rapid tests. Treatment was instituted with a view to reducing ketogenesis, restoring blood glucose and resolving concomitant diseases, with full clinical and productive recovery. The reports of these cases reinforce the importance of knowing the disease, highlighting the use of rapid tests for the field diagnosis of ketosis, enabling early and accurate treatment, thus contributing to the reduction of damage associated with its occurrence.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Yoná de Abreu Futia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Marica

.

Eduardo Zache, Zache Centro Veterinário

.

Ana Clara Sarzedas Ribeiro, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Maricá

.

References

ALLEN MS & PIANTONI P. 2013. Metabolic Control of Feed Intake. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 29: 279–297.

ANTUNES MMA et al. 2018. Butafosfan e cianocobalamina: estratégia para melhorar a funcionalidade hepática de vacas leiteiras primíparas. Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária 25: 55–59.

ASRAT M et al. 2013. Prevalence and Treatment of Ketosis in Dairy Cows in and Around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. British Journal of Dairy Sciences 3: 26–30.

AUBRY P & GEALE DW. 2011. A Review of Bovine Anaplasmosis. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 58: 1–30.

BACH KD et al. 2016. Technical note: Comparison of 4 electronic handheld meters for diagnosing hyperketonemia in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 99: 9136–9142.

BISWAL S et al. 2016. Prevalence of ketosis in dairy cows in milk shed areas of Odisha state, India. Veterinary World 9: 1242–1247.

CAINZOS JM et al. 2022. A systematic review of the cost of ketosis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 105: 6175–6195.

CÂMARA ACL et al. 2010. Fatores de risco, achados clínicos, laboratoriais e avaliação terapêutica em 36 bovinos com deslocamento de abomaso. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 30: 453–464.

CLOCK DC et al. 2022. Viability of the rapid test of BHB in milk for the diagnosis of bovine ketosis. Research, Society and Development 11: e49711730262.

CONSTABLE PD et al. 2016. Veterinary Medicine: A Textbook of the Diseases of Cattle, Horses, Sheep, Pigs, and Goats. 11.ed. St. Louis: Elsevier.

DAR AM et al. 2017. Retrospective and prospective studies on prevalence of Bovine ketosis in Kashmir Valley. Journal of entomology and zoology studies 5: 1832–1835.

DAROS RR et al. 2017. Prevalence and risk factors for transition period diseases in grazing dairy cows in Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 145: 16–22.

DIRKSEN G et al. 1993. Rosenberger: Exame Clínico dos Bovinos. 3.ed. Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan.

DJOKOVIĆ R et al. 2009. Blood Glucose, Insulin and Inorganic Phosphorus in Healthy and Ketotic Dairy Cows after Intravenous Infusion of Glucose Solution. Acta Veterinaria Brno 78: 449–453.

DJOKOVIĆ R et al. 2014. Endocrine and Metabolic Status of Dairy Cows during Transition Period. Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine 44: 59–66.

DUFFIELD T. 2000. Subclinical Ketosis in Lactating Dairy Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 16: 231–253.

DYCK HR et al. 2023. Occurrence of abomasal displacement in dairy cows from High-yielding dairy farms of Paraná State, Southern Brazil. Semina Ciências Agrárias 44: 9–18.

ELITOK B et al. 2010. Clinical, haematological, serum biochemical and cytogenetic study in cows with primary ketosis. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 30: 50–54.

FIORENTIN E et al. 2017. Accuracy of two hand-held electronic devices for determination of blood β-hydroxybutyrate in dairy cows. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18: 439–445.

FÜRLL M et al. 2010. Effect of multiple intravenous injections of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin on the metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93: 4155–4164.

GARRY F. 2008. Miscellaneous Infectious Diseases. In: DIVERS TJ & PEEK SF (Ed.). Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 2.ed. St. Louis: Elsevier. p.606–639.

GEISHAUSER T et al. 1998. Evaluation of Five Cowside Tests for Use with Milk to Detect Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 438–443.

GEISHAUSER T et al. 2000. Evaluation of Eight Cow-Side Ketone Tests in Milk for Detection of Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows. Journal of Dairy Science 83: 296–299.

GONZALEZ FHD. 2021. Indicadores de bioquímica sanguínea em transtornos metabólicos de ruminantes. Revista Brasileira de Buiatria 4: 82–99.

GORDON JL et al. 2013. Ketosis Treatment in Lactating Dairy Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 29: 433–445.

HA S et al. 2022. Predicting ketosis during the transition period in Holstein Friesian cows using hematological and serum biochemical parameters on the calving date. Scientific Reports 12: 853.

HA S et al. 2023. Characteristics of Holstein cows predisposed to ketosis during the post-partum transition period. Veterinary Medicine and Science 9: 307–314.

HARVEY JW. 2012. Hematology procedures. In: HARVEY JW (Ed.). Veterinary hematology. A diagnostic guide and color atlas. 1.ed. St. Louis: Elsevier. p.11–32.

HELAYEL MA et al. 2020. Comparative Analysis between Portable Glucometer and Enzyme Method for Measurement of Blood Glucose Levels in Cattle. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 48: 1734.

HERDT TH & GERLOFF BJ. 2009. Ketosis. In: ANDERSON DE & RINGS DM (Ed.). Current Veterinary Therapy: Food Animal Practice. 5.ed. St. Louis: Saunders. p.141–144.

İSSİ M et al. 2016. Evaluation of renal and hepatic functions in cattle with subclinical and clinical ketosis. Turkish Journal Of Veterinary And Animal Sciences 40: 47–52.

IWERSEN M et al. 2009. Evaluation of an electronic cowside test to detect subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 92: 2618–2624.

JANSEN HM et al. 2021. Accuracy of Subclinical Ketosis Detection with Rapid Test Methods for BHBA in Blood in Commercial Dairy Farms. Dairy 2: 671–683.

KANEKO JJ et al. 2008. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 6.ed. Cambridge: Academic Press.

KARAPINAR T et al. 2020. Evaluation of the Freestyle Optium Neo H point‐of‐care device for measuring blood glucose concentrations in sick calves. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 34: 1650–1656.

LEAN IJ et al. 2023. Associations of parity with health disorders and blood metabolite concentrations in Holstein cows in different production systems. Journal of Dairy Science 106: 500–518.

LEAN IJ. 2022. Non-infectious Diseases: Ketosis. In: MCSWEENEY LHP & McNAMARA, JP (Ed.). Encyclopedia of dairy sciences. St. Louis: Elsevier. p.405–413.

LEBLANC SJ et al. 2005. Metabolic Predictors of Displaced Abomasum in Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 88: 159–170.

LOHR B et al. 2006. Clinical efficacy of Catosal in the treatment of ketosis in cows with left abomasal displacement. Tierarztl Umsch 61: 187–190.

MAIR B et al. 2016. Glucose concentration in capillary blood of dairy cows obtained by a minimally invasive lancet technique and determined with three different hand-held devices. BMC Veterinary Research 12: 34.

MARUTSOVA V & MARUTSOV P. 2016. Body condition scoring and changes in some blood biochemical parameters in cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. International Journal of Advanced Research 4: 405–412.

MOLENTO CFM et al. 2004. Curvas de lactação de vacas holandesas do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. Ciência Rural 34: 1585–1591.

NIELEN M et al. 1994. Evaluation of two cowside tests for the detection of subclinical ketosis in dairy cows. The Canadian Veterinary Journal 35: 229–232.

OETZEL GR. 2004. Monitoring and testing dairy herds for metabolic disease. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 20: 651–674.

PEEK S & DIVERS TJ. 2008. Metabolic Diseases. In: PEEK S & DIVERS TJ (Ed.). Rebhun’s Diseases of Dairy Cattle. 2.ed. St. Louis: Elsevier. p.590–603.

PINEDA A & CARDOSO FC. 2015. Technical note: Validation of a handheld meter for measuring β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in plasma and serum from dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 98: 8818–8824.

REDDY B et al. 2014. Nervous form of ketosis in cows and its treatment. International Journal of Biological Research 2: 143–144.

SEIFI HA et al. 2011. Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal 188: 216–220.

SERRENHO RC et al. 2022. An investigation of blood, milk, and urine test patterns for the diagnosis of ketosis in dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 105: 7719–7727.

SOARES GSL et al. 2019. Cardiac biomarkers and blood metabolites in cows with clinical ketosis. Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40: 3525–3540.

VANHOLDER T et al. 2015. Risk factors for subclinical and clinical ketosis and association with production parameters in dairy cows in the Netherlands. Journal of Dairy Science 98: 880–888.

Published

2023-12-29

How to Cite

FUTIA, Yoná de Abreu; ZACHE, Eduardo; RIBEIRO, Ana Clara Sarzedas. Clinical ketosis in dairy cows: Case reports. Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias, Lages, v. 22, n. 4, p. 713–719, 2023. DOI: 10.5965/223811712242023713. Disponível em: https://www.revistas.udesc.br/index.php/agroveterinaria/article/view/23678. Acesso em: 14 dec. 2024.

Issue

Section

Research Note - Science of Animals and Derived Products