Intellectual property and digital fashion: NFTS and the protection of virtual creations
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5965.25944630932025e7247Keywords:
NFTs, digital fashion, intellectual property, blockchainAbstract
This article investigates the intersection between intellectual property and digital fashion in the context of NFTs (non-fungible tokens), exploring how this blockchain-based technology ensures authenticity and exclusivity for virtual creations. Using a mixed-methods approach, combining a literature review and case study analysis, the study primarily focuses on the legal aspects of NFT implementation in digital fashion, discussing regulatory challenges and implications for intellectual property protection. Economic and technological dimensions are acknowledged only as complementary perspectives and remain as avenues for future research. The conclusion is that, although NFTs offer new possibilities for the authentication and appreciation of digital assets, regulatory challenges remain that must be overcome to ensure legal certainty and sustainability in the digital fashion market. The article contributes to both academic and practical debates, proposing pathways for consolidating a digital ecosystem that balances innovation, copyright protection, and transparency in transactions.
Downloads
References
AKSOY, Pınar Çağlayan; ÜNER, Zehra Özkan. NFTs and copyright: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, v. 16, n. 10, p. 1115–1126, out. 2021. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab104. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
BAPTISTA LUZ ADVOGADOS. Preservando a criatividade e seus produtos: a importância da propriedade intelectual para influenciadores digitais. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.baptista.com.br/preservando-a-criatividade-e-seus-produtos-a-importanci a-da-propriedade-intelectual-para-influenciadores-digitais/. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
BINANCE RESEARCH. IA, NFTs, DeFi e mais: tendências emergentes no ecossistema blockchain. Binance Square, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.binance.com/pt-BR/square/post/22428451224857. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
BOSON PROTOCOL. Official blog. Medium, 2023. Disponível em: https://medium.com/bosonprotocol. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
BUSINESS OF FASHION. Nike sues StockX for selling sneaker NFTs. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.businessoffashion.com/news/technology/nike-sues-stockx-for-selling-sne aker-nfts/. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
CAMARGO E VIEIRA ADVOGADOS. Direito autoral no mundo digital. Blog Camargo e Vieira, 2024. Disponível em: https://blog.camargoevieira.adv.br/direito-autoral-no-mundo-digital/. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
CARDOSO, C. H. B.; VITA, J. B. Direito da propriedade intelectual: compra de roupas ou NFTs na realidade aumentada. Revista UNIFACS, Salvador, v. 26, n. 2, p. 1–15, 2023. Disponível em: https://revistas.unifacs.br/index.php/redu/article/view/8913/5173 Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
Confessor, A. C. L. (2022). M-NFT, The Mirror Novelty Fashion Trade: Unificação de moda e arte em realidades compartilhadas através de tokens não fungíveis. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Disponível em: https://repositorio.ufrn.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/509c4295-5ece-4042-a6fd-e078e30f1359/content. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025
DOS SANTOS, H. H. N.; MEIRELES, E.; BUENO, M. P.; MARANO, M. M. A proteção da propriedade intelectual dos NFTs (non-fungible tokens) de obras de arte digital no direito brasileiro. Cuadernos de Educación y Desarrollo, [S. l.], v. 15, n. 10, p. 12262–12276, 2023. DOI: 10.55905/cuadv15n10-119. Disponível em: https://ojs.cuadernoseducacion.com/ojs/index.php/ced/article/view/2085. Acesso em: 31 ago. 2025.
EDUKA. NFTs: qual o futuro a médio e longo prazo? Eduka.ai, 27 out. 2023. Disponível em: https://eduka.ai/nfts-qual-o-futuro-a-medio-e-longo-prazo. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
FERNANDES, Gabriel. Contrato de parceria com marcas: o que um criador digital deve saber. JusBrasil, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/contrato-de-parceria-com-marcas-o-que-um-cria dor-digital-deve-saber/2813288575. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
GUCCI. Otherside Relics by Gucci. Gucci, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.gucci.com/us/en/st/stories/article/otherside-relics-by-gucci?srsltid=AfmB Oor7RNL-z8k5YOS4qzuyu-yQ-c8KxTLzS4FIpNRmJj-1j2mSvG0J. Acesso em: 5 mai 2025.
HÄRKÖNEN, Heidi; SÄRMÄKARI, Natalia. Copyright and digital fashion designers: the democratization of authorship? Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, v. 18, n. 1, p. 42–57, jan. 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpac115. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
JUSBRASIL. Blockchain e o Judiciário Brasileiro: Regulamentação e Visão do STF, STJ e TJs. 2025. Disponível em: https://www.jusbrasil.com.br/artigos/blockchain-e-o-judiciario-brasileiro-regulamentacao-e-visao-do-stf-stj-e-tjs/3382871559. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
KIM, E.; RIBEIRO, L. The rise of digital-only fashion: The case of The Fabricant. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, v. 32, n. 4, p. 415-430, 2024. Disponível em: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0887302X241283504. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
KUMAR, R. Naveen; JANANI, M.; RAMADEVI, V.; PAVITHRA, R. How the metaverse and virtual worlds are redefining fashion marketing and brand engagement. Digital Transformation and Society, v. 4, n. 3, p. 312–328, 25 ago. 2025. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-09-2024-0177. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
LAPATOURA, I. (2023). NFTs, Digital Worlds and Brand Protection in Fashion: A UK/European Intellectual Property Perspective. International Journal of Law in Changing World, 2(3), 141-152. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.54934/ijlcw.v2i3.54. Acesso em: 05 mai. 2025.
LAPIN. White Paper – Melhores Práticas na Regulação de Ativos Digitais, Blockchain e CBDCs: Uma Pesquisa Comparativa com Insumos para a Regulação Brasileira. 8 maio 2024. Disponível em: https://lapin.org.br/2024/05/08/white-paper-melhores-praticas-na-regulacao-de-ativos-digitais-blockchain-e-cbdcs-uma-pesquisa-comparativa-com-insumos-para-a-regulacao-brasileira. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
LI, W. Unlocking the potential of NFTs in branding: An exploration of their role in shaping digital identities and consumer engagement. Journal of Business Research, v. 4, n. 3, p. 312–328, 25 ago. 2025. Disponível em: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S096969892500092X. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
LIU, Y. To NFT or Not: A Strategic Analysis for Fashion Brands Developing Digital Products in the Metaverse. MDPI, 2025. Disponível em: https://www.mdpi.com/0718-1876/20/3/155. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
L'OFFICIEL BRASIL. NFTs podem mudar a moda! Saiba como. São Paulo, 27 maio 2021. Disponível em: https://www.revistalofficiel.com.br/moda/nfts-podem-mudar-moda. Acesso em: 19 set. 2025.
MATIAS, Erick. 7 exemplos de blockchain no setor de moda e design. OMaringa, 6 set. 2025. Disponível em: https://omaringa.com.br/coluna/cripto/7-exemplos-de-blockchain-no-setor-de-moda-e-design. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
MCDOWELL, Maghan. The Baby Birkin NFT and the legal scrutiny on digital fashion. Vogue Business, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/the-baby-birkin-nft-and-the-legal-scrutiny -on-digital-fashion. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
MENDONÇA, Ronan D. et al. Tokens Não Fungíveis (NFTs): Conceitos, Aplicações e Desafios. In: Anais do Livro da Sociedade Brasileira de Computação. SBC, 2022. Disponível em: https://books-sol.sbc.org.br/index.php/sbc/catalog/download/108/483/756-1?inline=1. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
Mu, X., Zhang, H., Shi, J. et al. Fashion intelligence in the Metaverse: promise and future prospects. Artif Intell Rev 57, 67 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-024-10703-8.
NFT.COM. RTFKT, Nike & CloneX: Redefining the hype in fashion with NFT projects. NFT.com, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.nft.com/articles/rtfkt-nike-%26-clonex-redefining-the-hype-in-fashion-with-nft-projects. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
NFTNOW. CloneX NFTs and the secret to Nike and RTFKT’s success. NFTnow, 2023. Disponível em: https://nftnow.com/guides/clonex-nfts-and-the-secret-to-nike-and-rtfkts-success/. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
Passos, J. N. dos & Rosa, L. da. (2023). Moda digital: impactos, oportunidades e desafios nas indústrias têxtil e de confecção. Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC). Disponível em: https://repositorio-api.udesc.br/server/api/core/bitstreams/158b426d-0334-43de-94bb-0354bcdf581b/content. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
PINHEIRO, Bruna. Fashion law: como proteger as criações no segmento da moda. Migalhas, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.migalhas.com.br/depeso/386156/fashion-law-como-proteger-as-criacoes -no-segmento-da-moda. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
Santos, F. F. M. dos. (2023). Tokenizing the fashion industry: The moderating impact of NFTs in luxury fashion purchases and its effects on consumers. [Dissertação de mestrado, ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]. Disponível em: http://hdl.handle.net/10071/30870. Acesso em: 05 mai. 2025.
Sena, T. V. (2023). Moda na era digital: explorando as tendências do metaverso, NFTs e sustentabilidade. Revista Ensinar Moda, UDESC. DOI: 10.5965/25944630722023e3530. Disponível em: https://revistas.udesc.br/index.php/ensinarmode/article/view/23530. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
THE FASHION LAW. Nike names StockX in lawsuit over sale of unauthorized sneaker-centric NFTs. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.thefashionlaw.com/nike-names-stockx-in-lawsuit-over-sale-of-unauthoriz ed-sneaker-centric-nfts/. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
TRADEMARK LAWYER MAGAZINE. Nike v. StockX: another trademark litigation for using famous trademarks to mint NFTs. 2022. Disponível em: https://trademarklawyermagazine.com/nike-v-stockx-another-trademark-litigation-forusing-famous-trademarks-to-mint-nfts/. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT – UNCTAD. Creative Economy Outlook 2024. Genebra: UNCTAD, 11 jul. 2024. Disponível em: https://unctad.org/publication/creative-economy-outlook-2024. Acesso em: 16 set. 2025.
VOGUE BUSINESS. Circularity, Web3 and the future of fashion: what we learnt at the Vogue Business Summit. Vogue Business, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.voguebusiness.com/events/circularity-web3-and-the-future-of-fashion-what-we-learnt-at-the-vogue-business-summit. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
VOGUE BUSINESS. Digital fashion house The Fabricant plots new path to profitability. Vogue Business, 2023. Disponível em: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/digital-fashion-house-the-fabricant-plots-new-path-to-profitability. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
VOGUE BUSINESS. Gucci, Louis Vuitton and Dolce & Gabbana embrace NFTs in digital fashion push. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/gucci-louis-vuitton-dolce-gabbana-nfts-digital-fashion. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
VOGUE BUSINESS. Meta’s avatars just got a fashion upgrade with DressX. Vogue Business, 2022. Disponível em: https://www.voguebusiness.com/technology/metas-avatars-just-got-a-fashion-upgrade-with-dressx. Acesso em: 10 set. 2025.
VOLPINI, Pedro Gabriel Suet Moraes. Non-Fungible Tokens: propriedades, aplicações e novos desafios. 2022. Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso (Graduação em Ciência da Computação) – Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, Goiânia. Disponível em: https://repositorio.pucgoias.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/4298. Acesso em: 22 set. 2025.
WORLD TRADEMARK REVIEW. Nike sues retail platform over NFTs in potentially precedent-setting case. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.worldtrademarkreview.com/article/nike-sues-retail-platform-over-nfts-in-p otentially-precedent-setting-case. Acesso em: 5 maio 2025.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Larissa Oliveira Alves, Flaviano da Silva, Alandey Severo Leite da Silva

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal the right of first publication, with work simultaneously licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows for:
1. Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercially.
2. Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms.Under the following terms:
1. Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
2. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits. -
Plagiarism, in all its forms, constitutes unethical publication behavior and is unacceptable. This magazine uses iThenticate similarity control software.