Journal of the Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences and related areas, linked to the Santa Catarina State University (Udesc). eISSN: 2238-1171 Frequency: quarterly Year of creation: 2002
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina
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Bonding quality of plywood with Cupressus lusitanica Mill. Wood
The state of Santa Catarina occupies a prominent position in national exports of coniferous plywood and whose production is highly dependent on pine wood. With a view to expanding the possibilities of including new raw materials in this segment, the study aimed to evaluate the quality of gluing plywoods made with C. lusitanica wood veneers and its combination with P. taeda wood and compare performance with panels composed only of P. taeda and with the requirements stipulated for Pine plywood by the National Wood Quality Program (PNQM). Panels with 17 mm thick, glued with phenolic resin at a amount of adhesive of 328 g/m², consolidated in a press at a temperature of 135 ºC and specific pressure of 12 kgf/cm² were evaluated for the quality of the bondline upper, central and lower by the shear strength test after basic and additional pre-treatments for gluing classes 2 and 3. It was observed that the raw material did not influence the average shear stress of the plywoods produced and the quality of the gluing between the gluelines, and attended the average shear resistance for pine plywoods with similar characteristics by PNQM, with the exception of panels resulting from the mix of the species C. lusitanica and the species P. taeda, after pre-treatment “BDB”. The use of C. lusitanica wood resulted in pannels with gluing quality equivalent to that obtained for P. taeda panels and could be an option to be introduced in the plywood panel segment, without the need to adapt to the already consolidated manufacturing process for the plywoods of P. taeda.
Research Article - Multisections and Related Areas
Copyright (c) 2025 Authors & Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Inverse modeling of water retention curves in soils with different uses and coverings
The soil water retention curve (CRAS) is an important hydraulic property for understanding soil water dynamics and relevant for efficient irrigation management. Inverse modeling has been widely accepted to determine CRAS due to its efficiency, especially on a large scale. The objective of this study was to determine and compare soil water retention curves through inverse modeling, in a red latosol, Cerrado phase, under different uses and soil covers. The accuracy of the curves was also evaluated using statistical indicators. For this, preserved and non-preserved samples were collected in the study areas in order to determine the structural characteristics of the soils, the physical-hydric properties and the humidity and evaporation curves, necessary to provide the Hydrus-1D model used in computational modeling. The statistical indicators coefficient of determination, mean error, root mean square error, Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion demonstrated effectiveness in the modeled water retention curves. The areas of degraded Cerrado and conventional cultivation presented retention curves with higher water retention rates, compared to the organic cultivation area, result of structural changes in the systems, such as distribution and uniformity of pores. It was observed that a higher organic matter content associated with the sandy texture, in the organic cultivation area, resulted in lower water retention at low tensions (~ 348.50 kPa) sufficient to drain the water content in this system.
Research Article - Science of Soil and Environment
Copyright (c) 2024 Authors & Revista de Ciências Agroveterinárias https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effects of feed management on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Boer goats
Goat farming is one of the fastest growing activities in terms of quality of its products. In this scenario, the Boer breed is the most important for the goat meat industry worldwide as it specializes in the production of quality meat, where the animals are slaughtered early and with satisfactory zootechnical indexes. Considering this favorable scenario, it was decided to evaluate the quality characteristics of the carcass and meat of these animals; then, 20 Boer goats were housed and distributed in groups where one group received a diet based on hay ad libitum and fixed amounts of corn meal and soybean meal in compliance with the requirements of maintenance and weight gain; the other group was housed in different paddocks daily and received only the roughage present in the pasture. It was observed that the animals tended to present larger posterior cuts (loin and leg) with no significant difference between the feeding regimes. The animals fed with concentrate accumulated more subcutaneous fat compared to the animals under grazing. The meat of grazing animals showed higher glycolytic potential and shear force (FC), however, it had lower final pH than the meat of animals fed with concentrate. It was also possible to verify a ratio of fatty acids from intramuscular fat 4 times higher in the carcass of animals under concentrated regime in comparison to the carcass of animals under rotational grazing. With this study, it can be stated that, through the adopted feed management, the quality characteristics of the carcass and meat and, consequently, their organoleptic attributes, can be influenced, having effects on the goat meat market.
Research Article - Science of Animals and Derived Products
Biochar and mycorrhizal fungi in the cultivation of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) seedlings
The objective of the research was to analyze the development of Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan seedlings, inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi and different doses of sewage sludge biochar in a nursery. The experiment was done in a forest nursery, in a completely randomized design. The statistical differences between increasing dosages of sewage sludge biochar and mycorrhizal fungi were studied. The three-month growth and ecophysiological parameters of A. colubrina seedlings were determined, and the results submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. The dosage of 10% of sewage sludge biochar without mycorrhizal fungi was the best formulation for the production of Anadenanthera colubrina seedlings. The use of higher sewage sludge biochar dosages increased the P content in the substrate, inhibiting the action of mycorrhizal fungi in favor of Anadenanthera colubrina seedlings for a better development of morphological and ecophysiological parameters. The inoculation of mycorrhizal fungi in seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina along with higher doses of sewage sludge biochar, the high P content can cause the mycorrhizal fungi to have the role of parasites instead of mutualists, absorbing carbon from the plant, without compensating it, impairing the development of seedlings and ecophysiological performance.
Research Article - Science of Plants and Derived Products
Eugenia dysenterica extract microencapsulated for application in food
Eugenia dysenterica DC. is a fruit of the Cerrado that has great economic potential for both food and medicinal applications. Its phytochemical composition has potential health benefits, especially the phenolic compounds, which have significant antioxidant activity. However, being highly reactive, they can lose their stability and function under certain specific conditions, affecting their antioxidant potential. This study aimed to develop and characterize microparticles to protect the bioactive compounds present in the leaf of E. dysenterica DC. for application in food. The microparticles were produced using the ionic gelation technique with alginate and pectin (wall materials) and were assessed for morphology, average diameter, humidity, and encapsulation efficiency. The content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was determined for the extract and microparticles. Qualitative analysis of the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity was carried out by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The microparticles were predominantly spherical in shape and had an average diameter of 46.06 ± 18.81μm, a moisture content of 92.01% and an encapsulation efficiency of 16.10%. When using methanol as the extracting solution, the leaf extract showed a total phenolic compound content of 171.89 mg EAG.100g-1 and antioxidant activity of 91.09%, while the microparticles showed a phenolic compound content of 27.65 mg EAG.100g-1 and antioxidant activity of 34.17%. Qualitative analysis indicated the presence of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in the extract, which was not detected in the microparticles. The low concentration of compounds and activity in the microparticles may be associated with the percentage of extract incorporated into the production process, extract concentration, and particle diameter. The concentration of the extract in the production process proves to be an important variable in improving the loading of phenolic compounds, since microencapsulation by ionic gelation has a potential application in foodstuffs as it provides protection for antioxidant compounds, while the size of the microparticles is an important factor in not altering the sensory perception of the food.
Basalt powder in the biodynamic bean cultivation system: a study in the city of Curitibanos-SC
This work sought to evaluate the effects of the use of basalt powder on the development of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) crops in a biodynamic production system. The experiment, conducted in the field, in the biodynamic space of the Center for Rural Sciences (CCR) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), located in the city of Curitibanos-SC, was done through a Randomized Block Design (DBC) with three treatments: T1 control (without the use of basalt powder), T2 dosage of 2 t/ha of basalt powder and T3 dosage of 3t/ha of basalt powder. All treatments received the biodynamic preparations PB 500, Fladen and PB 501, in addition to the poultry litter at a dosage of 3 t/ha. The research methodology consisted of performing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's Test to compare the plant height averages of each treatment after 30 days of planting and dry weight of harvested beans. In addition, Polynomial Regression Analysis was performed, along with the calculations of Maximum Technical Efficiency (TEM) and Maximum Economic Efficiency (MEE) to stipulate the optimal point of economic viability of the application of basalt powder. The results indicated that T2 and T3 showed higher initial vegetative growth (plant height) in comparison to T1; T3 differed from T1 in yield (weight of dry grains) and that the economic viability of using basalt powder in the biodynamic system, considering only the current prices of the input-output ratio, has its optimal point of TEM at 0.61 t/ha and MEE at 0.59 t/ha. With this, it is concluded that there are indications of positive effects of the application of basalt powder for bean yield in the biodynamic system and that the technical and economic feasibility studies need to be improved due to the slow pace of nutrient availability of basalt powder.
Efficacy of artificial insemination in Holstein and Jersey cattle, considering necessary attempts for financial return on investment
The technique of artificial insemination is one of the most important biotechnologies ever conceived for genetic improvement in production animals. Making it possible to increase the number of offspring of a single sire and to use semen after their death or reproductive inaptitude. However, females that have difficulties or do not conceive with the use of the technique generate more costs for the properties. It is justified to evaluate the ideal number of attempts on a female, before transferring her to natural breeding or disposal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the conception rates of cattle breeders from two rural properties, in order to analyze the factors involved and stipulate a number of adequate attempts to generate pregnancy, based on the relationship of costs and benefits, through the generation of mathematical formulas. This study was done with a total of 108 animals from two rural properties, of which 59 (54.6%) became pregnant after the first artificial insemination, 18 animals (16.7%) had pregnancy confirmed after the second and 14 animals (13%) after the third. The three replications result in a pregnancy rate of 84.3%, a result close to the ideal 85%. Finally, it can be concluded that establishing calculation bases involving the largest number of variables possible along with indicators of return on investment and return on investment period can help in the management of rural properties, as it can reveal the real situation of the activity and its operations.
Foliar application of boron and ethephon on postharvest ripening and conservation of 'Galaxy' apples
Boron (B) and ethephon have been used in preharvest foliar sprays to anticipate the ripening of apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), however there are reports of potential negative effects during the post-harvest conservation of the fruits. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of preharvest foliar application of boron and ethephon on the maturation and conservation capacity of 'Galaxy' apples in refrigerated storage for four months plus seven days of shelf life at 15ºC. The experiment was conducted in a commercial orchard in the municipality of Urupema - SC, Brazil during the 2020/2021 harvest. The experimental design used was of randomized blocks, with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were applied via foliar during preharvest as follows: control (no application); boron 3g L-1 (4 applications); boron 3g L-1 + ethephon 300mg L-1 and ethephon 300mg L-1. The attributes related to quality and conservation of the fruits at harvest were determined in two stages with an interval of ten days, and after storage. Fruit maturation was anticipated by preharvest foliar application of boron and ethephon, without changing the background color and red intensity of the epidermis. There was a reduction in pulp firmness as a function of the treatments after refrigerated storage for four months. Thus, both products can be an alternative for staggering of harvest, but the commercialization of fruits treated and stored in refrigerated storage must be done in advance due to the reduction in pulp firmness.
Quality of stingless bee mandaçaia (Melipona quadrifasciata) honey under different storage conditions
The advancement in the commercialization of honey from native bees implies the need to develop applied research, for better conservation after its harvest. Therefore, the objective of the work was to analyze the quality of mandaçaia honey (Melipona quadrifasciata) under different storage conditions. The experimental design used was a 2x3 factorial, consisting of factor A “light” (with and without) and factor B “temperature” (5 °C, 20 °C and 35 °C), where a sample of 210 mL of honey was collected and subjected to analysis of physical-chemical-biological parameters (free acidity, ash, color, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), pH, humidity and CFU count of molds and yeasts). Then, the sample was divided into 6 other subsamples, which were subjected to treatments for 72 hours and then underwent analysis, generating seven treatments in total. The interaction of the results between the factors was tested at 5% probability, using the ANOVA analysis of variance, when no interaction was found, the light factor and the temperature factor were separated and analyzed by the Tukey test at 5% probability and an analysis of regression. The HMF levels observed were close to zero in all treatments, ash and moisture contents did not interact between the factors, and free acidity, pH, color and number of CFU of molds and yeasts showed an interaction between the factors. In all analyzes it was observed that temperature has greater influence and significance in maintaining honey parameters than light, demonstrating that for greater stability of honey parameters, it must be stored at 5 °C, regardless of the presence or absence of light.
Lime sulfur and cow urine in agronomic development and population density of arthropods in jiló plants
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lime sulfur (CS) and cow urine (UV) on agronomic development, the reduction of phytophagous insect populations, and the incidence of natural enemies in jiló plants. A randomized block design (RBD) was used in a 2 (UV doses - 0 and 120 mL per pot) x 5 (CS concentrations via foliar application – 0.0; 1.5; 3.0; 4.5 and 6.0 g L-1) factorial scheme. Agronomic traits, as well as the population density of phytophagous insects and predators, were determined. A significant isolated effect of UV was observed for the number of leaves, shoot height, stem diameter, and fresh shoot weight (PFPA). For CS, the isolated effect was significant for PFPA, leaf length, and leaf area of the middle third. A significant interaction effect was observed for the width of the middle third leaf. No significant differences were found for traits related to the upper and lower thirds of leaves, the number of flowers, and fruit characteristics. Among arthropods associated with the crop, whiteflies (MB) (nymphs and adults) and lacewings were recorded. For MB nymphs, there was a significant isolated effect of UV and CS. For MB adults and lacewings, a significant interaction was observed. It is concluded that CS (1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 g L-1) and UV (120 mL per pot) promote agronomic development of jiló plants. A reduction in the population of MB nymphs (120 mL per pot of UV or 6.0 g L-1 of CS) and MB adults (120 mL per pot of UV with 0.0 or 3.0 g L-1 of CS; 0 mL per pot of UV with 6.0 g L-1 of CS) was achieved through UV and/or CS application. The spraying of CS (3.0 g L-1) associated with UV (120 mL per pot) does not negatively affect the presence of lacewings.
Physiological quality of maize seeds treated and stored at different temperatures
Treatment of corn seeds is a common practice in seed processing units since the productive success of crops depends on the use of high-quality seeds. The control of deterioration in storage ensures the maintenance of the germination capacity and vigor of the seeds, allowing them to tolerate adverse factors when sown in the field. The objective of this study was to analyze the quality of corn seeds treated and stored at different temperatures. Corn seeds of AL Bandeirante variety were subjected to chemical treatment with insecticides (based on Actellic 500 CE + K-obiol + Maxim X) and stored at temperatures of 10°C, 18°C and 26°C. At 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, seed performance was evaluated in split-plots in time with four replications by means of moisture content, germination percentage, sand emergence percentage and accelerated aging test. The percentage of seed germination remained within the commercialization standards for up to 90 days of storage at temperatures of 10ºC, 18ºC and 26ºC. However, the evaluation of vigor from the percentage of seedling emergence and percentage of germination after accelerated aging reduced with the advance of seed conservation, indicating changes in vigor due to storage temperature.
Automation in exam grading with Python and web hosting: data science applied to education
Data science employs statistical methods and computational tools to automatically extract knowledge from data or information on a specific subject. In the educational context, automating exam grading enhances efficiency and accuracy, which is especially relevant in social and agrarian sciences, where a high volume of students, questions, and the need for quick grading are common. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop an automation system called AutoCorrect, utilizing Python and web hosting for the grading of academic exams. The mechanism allows for the generation of customized exams with randomized answer keys and performs automatic grading of submitted responses, significantly optimizing the evaluation process. The methodology included the use of specific Python libraries, such as Pandas, Numpy, and Matplotlib, for data processing, statistical analysis, and graphical visualization. A practical application was conducted in Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine classes, in which students took the generated exams. Student responses were directly compared to the answer key provided by instructors, resulting in the automatic generation of scores for each student based on correct and incorrect answers. Additionally, the system enabled a detailed analysis of grades through descriptive measures, such as mean, mean standard deviation, variance, and skewness, providing a clear view of class performance. Supplementary charts were generated to facilitate visualization of the grade distribution and individual performance relative to the overall average. The integration of data science with computational tools like Python and web hosting not only optimizes the grading process but also provides greater clarity and agility in analyzing student performance. The AutoCorrect system proves to be an efficient and innovative tool for various educational fields, especially in agrarian and social sciences.
Spatial arrangement for sesame cultivars
This research evaluated the impact of different population densities and spacing on the agronomic characteristics of the Trebol and K3 sesame cultivars. The experiment was conducted at EMPAER's experimental unit in Cáceres, between March and July 2022, using randomized block design with twelve treatments and three replications. The treatments varied in spacing between 0.20 and 0.80 meters between the rows, and the characteristics analyzed included plant height, insertion of the first pod, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, estimated yield, lodging index, purity analysis, determination of the weight of a thousand seeds, germination test and first germination count and germination speed index. The results indicated that the 0.80 m spacing favored plant development, especially related to height and number of pods, with the K3 cultivar standing out as the most productive. The phenotypic correlation analysis showed that the lodging index was the most relevant variable in determining the productivity of the Trebol cultivar, while plant height was the main variable for the K3 cultivar. It concluded that the 0,80 m row spacing is beneficial for sesame productivity, especially for the K3 cultivar, and that plant density directly influences the architecture and productive efficiency of the cultivars evaluated.
Kinetic and sensory analysis of ginger beer produced by diversified fermentation methods
This study investigates the production of ginger beer flavored with soursop, highlighting its viability in the fermented beverage market and its connection to Brazilian biodiversity. The research focused on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization of the beverage, comparing induced and natural fermentation, with and without the use of ginger bug. The results indicate that the addition of ginger bug increased the alcohol content of the fermented beverage to 0.71 °GL, while fermentation without ginger bug showed no detectable alcohol. On the other hand, induced fermentation resulted in an alcohol content of 4.32 °GL. Microbiological analyses confirmed the absence of coliforms and pathogens, ensuring compliance with quality standards. In sensory evaluation, the fermented beverage with 20% soursop received the highest flavor ratings (above seven), while the same concentration in natural fermentation had the lowest acceptance in purchase intent. These data suggest that ginger beer can be a viable and healthy alternative in the market for fermented beverages, leveraging the richness of Brazilian biodiversity.
Fermentation characteristics of silages made with different proportions of sunflower and Gliricidia sepium added with doses of citric acid
The aim on this study was to assess the fermentative characteristics of silages produced with different proportions of sunflower and Gliricidia sepium, supplemented with doses of citric acid. The ensiled material was composed of two crops, sunflower and gliricidia. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with five proportions of sunflower and gliricidia (100% sunflower; 75% sunflower and 25% gliricidia; 50% sunflower and 50% gliricidia; 25% sunflower and 75% gliricidia; and 100% gliricidia) and four concentrations of citric acid (0; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75%), with three replications, totaling 60 experimental silos. It was observed that treatments with higher proportions of Gliricidia resulted in lower fermentation capacity and reduced dry matter levels. The pH decreased in treatments with higher proportions of Gliricidia and acid. When analyzing soluble carbohydrate values, higher Gliricidia inclusion demonstrated higher percentages of carbohydrates. The addition of acid showed a linear effect on dry matter losses. Gas production exhibited a quadratic effect for Gliricidia, with the treatment with 75% inclusion showing the lowest production. There was a quadratic effect for acid addition, with the 0.25% acid treatment presenting the highest gas production. Gliricidia inclusion linearly increased gas losses, and the same occurred for citric acid. For ammoniacal nitrogen analysis, a significant quadratic effect (P<0,05) was observed for acid addition, with the highest mean observed in treatments with 0.50% acid. The final pH of silage was linearly influenced by Gliricidia addition (P<0,0001) and linearly for citric acid (P<0,0001). When analyzing CP, no significant differences were observed (P>0,05). It is concluded that the inclusion of Gliricidia sepium in the silage reduces fermentative capacity and dry matter content, while the addition of citric acid linearly influences gas losses and final pH, demonstrating that both factors significantly affect the fermentative characteristics of the silages.
The increase in bud load of Sauvignon Blanc affects the temporal dynamics of Botrytis bunch rot (botrytis cinerea)
The objective of this work is to evaluate the effect of increasing bud load on the temporal dynamics of Botrytis bunch rot in Sauvignon Blanc vines. This work was conducted in the 2017 and 2018 harvests, in a commercial vineyard, in São Joaquim – SC. Sauvignon Blanc plants subjected to four different bud load levels were used: 15, 30, 50 and 75 buds/plant. The disease epidemic was evaluated using the variables: beginning of symptom appearance (BSA), time to reach maximum disease incidence and severity (TRMDI and TRMDS), maximum disease incidence and severity (Imax and Smax), and areas under disease incidence and severity progress curves (AUDIPC and AUDSPC). The increase in bud load, above 50 buds/plant, resulted in an increase in incidence and severity of the disease, in addition to AUDIPC and AUDSPC. There was an influence on the onset of symptoms, with the disease occurring early in plants with loads above 50 buds/plant. No effect was observed for the TRMDI and TRMDS variables. It is concluded that when adopting bud loads greater than 50 buds/plant, it is necessary to adopt complementary integrated disease management measures, to reduce the damage resulting from the occurrence of the disease.
Morphophysiological responses of triticale cultivars under weed competition
Triticale is a cereal increasingly used in human and animal nutrition. However, weeds, especially ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and turnip (Raphanus raphanistrum e R. sativus), can reduce both grain yield and quality. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of triticale cultivars (BRS Ulisses, BRS Minotauro, Embrapa 53, and BRS Resoluto) in the presence of ryegrass and turnip using the replacement series method. Fourteen experiments were conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of different proportions of crop and weed plants (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100%) arranged as 24:0, 18:6, 12:12, 6:18, and 0:24 plants per pot. Competitiveness was analyzed using replacement series diagrams and relative competitiveness indices. At 50 days after emergence, plant height, leaf area, gas exchange, and shoot dry matter of the crop and weeds were measured. Competition occurred between triticale cultivars and the weed species, resulting in mutual negative impacts on the growth of the species within the community. The crop and weeds exhibited similar competitive mechanisms and demands for environmental resources. Overall, physiological variables were negatively affected as weed density increased. Interspecific competition had a greater detrimental effect on the morphophysiological traits of the species than intraspecific competition.
Pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin in Pigeons, an explorative study
Tilmicosin is a semisynthetic macrolide used in the veterinary field to treat various infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in different species. Therefore, this work focused on exploring the single and multiple pharmacokinetics of orally administered Tilmicosin in pigeons, as there is limited information available on this topic. For this study, six pigeons weighing about 0.35 kg were used as model; a single oral dose of Tilmicosin (15 mg/kg) was administered every 24 hours for three consecutive days. The microbiological assay was applied to measure plasma concentrations of Tilmicosin. The non-compartmental analysis revealed that the highest measured concentration was 0.258 μg/ml two hours after administration, the area under the curve was 2.119 μg/ml.h, the area under the moment curve was 36.069 μg/ml.h2, the mean residence time was 13.893 hours, the half-life was 11 hours, and the terminal elimination rate constant was 0.063 h-1. The pharmacokinetics of multiple doses of Tilmicosin showed that the estimated time to reach the steady state was 44 hours, the ratio of accumulation was 1.283, the remnant fraction was 0.22 μg/ml, and the total area under the curves was 8.77 μg/ml·h. The maximal, trough, and average concentrations at steady state were 0.331 μg/mL, 0.073 μg/mL, and 0.202 μg/mL, respectively. The study concluded that the pharmacokinetics of Tilmicosin in different administration patterns could provide sufficient tissue concentrations, influencing the contact time with tissue-invading bacteria in a manner similar to that observed in other animal species. This could qualify Tilmicosin as a viable option for the treatment of many bacterial diseases in pigeons.
Prevalence of Escherichia Coli O157 strain isolated from dairy cattle manure in Bogor, Indonesia
In Bogor, Indonesia, where dairy farming is prevalent, dairy cattle manure serves as a significant reservoir for numerous bacteria, including the potentially harmful Escherichia coli. This study intends to evaluate the prevalence of E. coli O157, a particularly pathogenic strain, in 25 manure samples collected from different dairy farms in the Kebon Pedes area of Bogor. This study was conducted from June 2023 to December 2023. Using the Global Tricycle Surveillance ESBL E. coli WHO 2021 method for isolation and identification and employing the SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique for E. coli O157 detection, the results revealed that out of 25 E. coli positive samples, three tested positive for E. coli O157, indicating a prevalence rate of 12% of this specific strain. The occurrence of this pathogenic variant suggests a noteworthy finding in understanding the microbial landscape of dairy cattle manure in Bogor. The presence of E. coli O157 in dairy cattle farms underscores the potential for continuous bacterial transmission to the environment, highlighting the importance of ongoing monitoring and comprehension of pathogenic strains in agricultural settings for the development of effective public health strategies. Improved manure management protocols and regular surveillance programs can be used as targeted interventions to mitigate the risks of E. coli O157 transmission from dairy farms.
Agronomic performance of day-neutral strawberry cultivars as a function of early planting dates
The cultivation of day-neutral strawberry plants combined with earlier planting dates in regions with mild winters can increase the supply of this fruit between May and September, when prices are at their highest in Brazil. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the agronomic performance of four day-neutral strawberry cultivars as a function of the anticipation of the planting date in the municipality of São Miguel do Oeste, SC. The experiment was conducted in an umbrella-type greenhouse, on slabs with six plants and fertirrigated with a standard solution for the crop. The randomized block design was bifactorial (4x2), with: a) four cultivars: San Andreas®, Alpina10®, Bellalinda®, and BeautyTM (FL 12 1215®); and b) two planting dates: D1, on 03/10/2022; and D2, on 04/10/2022. The analysis leads to the conclusion that early planting resulted in greater total mass of commercial and defective fruit. While the total mass did not differ between cultivars, ‘San Andreas’ and ‘Alpina10’ had higher commercial mass. Bellalinda produced a greater number of fruits, which contributed to a smaller average size, increasing the number and mass of non-commercial fruits. Beauty showed higher commercial production from May to June. The expected economic results differed between cultivars, indicating the need to include the planting date variable in the analysis of genotypic potential. The cultivars ‘San Andreas’, ‘Beauty’, and ‘Bellalinda’ showed better economic results with early cultivation, while ‘Alpina10’ did not differ between the two dates.
Minimum distance from the soybean sowing line in intercropping with coffee trees in formation
The definition of the minimum distance between the soybean sowing line and the orthotropic branch in intercropping with the coffee tree in formation guided the objectives of this research. The experiment was conducted in the demonstration area of the Federal University of Uberlândia, Monte Carmelo Campus, Minas Gerais. The coffee trees were planted in March 2021, with a spacing of 3.5 m between rows and 0.6 m between plants, using the IPR 100 cultivar. Soybeans were planted between coffee tree rows in November 2021, cultivar LG 60162IPRO, with a spacing of 0.4 m between rows and 14 seeds per linear meter. Only the coffee trees were irrigated using a drip system, with spacing between drippers of 0.6 m and a flow rate of 2.1 L h-1. The intercropping configured five management methods with soybean planting rows and distance from the last row to the orthotropic stem: T1: control without soybeans, T2: 2 rows - 1.55 m, T3: 4 rows - 1.15 m, T4: 6 rows - 0.75 m, and T5: 8 rows - 0.35 m from the coffee tree. Each plot consisted of five coffee plants. The following were evaluated in the coffee trees of the three central plants: length, width, and thickness of two leaves per plant, chlorophyll index (SPAD 502), leaf temperature, stomatal count, length of a pair of plagiotropic branches located in the middle third of the coffee tree, number and distance of internodes, and number of primary plagiotropic branches. Soybeans planted between coffee trees did not alter the development pattern of the leaves and branches of Coffea arabica L. when kept at distances greater than 0.75 m from the coffee tree stem. It is suggested that this is the minimum critical tolerance distance for coffee trees without them developing mechanisms to avoid shading and altering their growth pattern.
Effects of lemon peel essential oil (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) as a natural preservative in beef burgers on chemical composition, cooking characteristics, and microbiological quality
The search for healthy eating has sparked consumer interest not only in fast foods such as hamburgers, but also in more nutritious foods with fewer synthetic additives. In this sense, this study investigated the effect of applying lemon peel essential oil as a natural preservative in beef burgers on physical-chemical parameters, cooking characteristics, and microbiological quality. The essential oil was extracted from Tahiti lime peels and its chemical composition was determined, as well as yield (%) and density (g/L). Three hamburger formulations were produced: HC (without preservatives), HS (with added synthetic preservatives), and HE (with added essential oil). Physical-chemical analyses were performed, including the determination of moisture, lipids, proteins, and ash. In addition, the cooking characteristics of the hamburgers were also verified. The pH and color were monitored during storage at refrigeration temperature (5 °C) for five days and freezing (-18 °C) for 10 and 20 days. To assess microbiological quality, analyses were performed to identify Salmonella sp., quantify Escherichia coli, and identify mesophilic aerobic bacteria. The essential oil showed a satisfactory yield (1.74%) and characteristic density (0.881 g/L), containing d-limonene (45.67%) as the major compound. The addition of oil did not alter most of the physical-chemical parameters of the hamburger, except for a slight reduction in protein content. The pH (<5.8) and color remained stable in the HE formulation and showed no significant differences with the addition of essential oil compared to the control formulation (HC). The essential oil also did not affect the cooking characteristics. Microbiological analyses showed no contamination by pathogenic bacteria according to current legislation. Therefore, the addition of lemon essential oil as a natural preservative proved to be viable in beef burgers, maintaining the physicochemical characteristics, cooking characteristics, and microbiological quality of the beef burger.
Effect of polyethylene glycol and silver nitrate on the in vitro preservation of Manihot esculeta Crantz
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) plays a key role in Brazilian agriculture, but its genetic variability is under threat, requiring effective conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) on the in vitro conservation of the regional variety ‘Amarelona’, with a view to identifying concentrations that favor the maintenance of plant viability and controlled growth. Four concentrations of PEG (5, 10, 20, and 40 g/L) and two concentrations of AgNO₃ (5 and 10 mg/L) were applied, in addition to a control, in an experiment with seven treatments and 24 replicates, conducted for up to 180 days. The analyses included shoot height, number of leaves and shoots, root length, and fresh and dry mass of the shoot and root parts. The results showed that a concentration of 10 g/L PEG was the most effective for maintaining vegetative growth with long-term viability, while higher doses led to inhibition and senescence. AgNO₃, on the other hand, had negative effects in both concentrations, resulting in the death of plants throughout the experiment. It is concluded that PEG at 10 g/L is a promising solution for the in vitro conservation of cassava, ensuring the maintenance of viability, while the use of AgNO₃ at the concentrations tested severely compromised plant vitality.
Viçosa mixture in tomato cultivation as a potential strategy for crop development and insect pest repellency
Viçosa misture is a modification of Bordeaux mixture, as it contains macro and micronutrients in its composition, which contribute to improving plant nutrition, favoring increased productivity. In addition, it repels phytophagous insects, helping with pest management. It can be used in organic farming, as long as it complies with the legislation governing this type of farming. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of spraying Viçosa mixture on agronomic development, repellency to insect pests, and incidence of natural enemies in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). For this purpose, a randomized block design with five treatments (concentrations of Viçosa mixture) was used, as follows: T1 - 0 g L-1; T2 - 1 g L-1; T3 - 2 g L-1; T4 - 3 g L-1 and T5 - 4 g L-1, and five blocks, totaling 25 plots, each plot consisting of three pots, totaling 75 experimental units. Parameters related to tomato plants were evaluated, as well as the characterization of fruits and quality attributes of tomatoes, in addition to the population density of insect pests and the number of eggs of natural enemies. It was found that there was a significant difference between the concentrations of Viçosa mixture for some characteristics related to tomato plants and fruits. Positive correlations were also obtained between certain variables analyzed. As for phytophagous arthropods, there was repellency for insects with scraping-sucking, sucking, and chewing feeding habits as a result of the application of Viçosa mixture. In addition, a higher density of predatory insect eggs was obtained on plants sprayed with this mixture. Thus, it can be concluded that spraying with Viçosa mixture contributes to improving the agronomic aspects of tomato plants and repels insect pests, without negatively interfering with the oviposition of chrysopids.
Vegetative parameters and productivity of coffee crops planted with seedlings produced in bags and tubes
The longevity of coffee plantations reflects the health of the plant material, the management of seedling production in nurseries, and the use of appropriate techniques in the establishment of coffee crops. This study focused on evaluating the effect of coffee seedlings produced in bags and tubes on the vegetative parameters and productivity of the coffee crop, cultivar IPR 100. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Bordin, located in Monte Carmelo, Minas Gerais, using a rainfed system. A randomized block design was used, with eight blocks and three treatments, namely: T1 - Seedlings planted with polyethylene bags containing 84 holes; T2 - Seedlings planted with the removal of polyethylene bags containing 84 holes; and T3 - Seedlings produced in tubes. Assessments of plant height, stem diameter, and crown diameter were conducted monthly from May 2018 to April 2020. In June 2020, the first harvest was carried out, evaluating productivity (60 kg bags per hectare), grain classification in terms of size and shape, and percentage of ripeness. The results suggest that the packaging used in the production of IPR100 seedlings was not a decisive factor in the development, production, grain quality, and maturation for the plants' first production cycle. It is concluded that in the production of healthy seedlings in a more sustainable manner, the use of tubes should be considered. Compared to plastic bags, the tube offers important advantages such as reusability, preventing soil contamination with non-degradable plastics; reducing the risk of biological contamination with pathogens; and facilitating nursery operations, shipping, and crop planting without compromising the productivity of the first harvest of the IPR100 cultivar.
Effectiveness of green betel leaf infusa as a natural preservative of white tofu by maintaining its sensory characteristics
Preservar o tofu branco com ingredientes naturais foi uma solução devido ao seu prazo de validade relativamente curto e à prevenção de ingredientes perigosos. A falta de ingredientes naturais costuma alterar a qualidade sensorial do produto. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo utilizar a infusão de folhas verdes de betel como conservante, mantendo as características sensoriais do tofu branco. O método de pesquisa consistiu em duas etapas. Pesquisa preliminar foi realizada para selecionar a concentração de 0,01%, 0,025%, 0,05%, 0,075%, 0,1%, 1%, 2% e 4% de infusão de folhas de betel com base no sensorial de sabor, aroma e cor. A pesquisa primária foi a pesquisa de dois fatores de concentrações selecionadas de infusão de folhas de betel e o tempo de armazenamento do tofu em temperatura ambiente, testando o número total de placas, bactérias E. coli e qualidade sensorial e hedônica. A pesquisa preliminar produziu as concentrações selecionadas de 0,01%, 0,025% e 0,05%, que tiveram efeitos mínimos no sabor, aroma e sensorial da cor. A pesquisa primária mostrou que quanto maior a concentração da infusão de folhas de betel, menor o crescimento microbiano e quanto maior o tempo de armazenamento, mais micróbios cresceram. No entanto, o número de micróbios no tofu tratado foi muito menor em comparação com o tofu controle. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que quanto maior a concentração da infusão, menor o valor sensorial. Entretanto, o nível deconcentração não teve efeito significativo na sensorialidade da textura. O Aminullahet al.Revistade CiênciasAgroveterinárias,Lages, SC, Brasil (ISSN 2238-1171) 927maior tempo de armazenamento tendeu a reduzir a qualidade sensorial e hedônica do tofu branco, mas ele ainda estava em condições relativamente normais. A bactéria E. coli foi negativa em tofu branco. Todos os tratamentos de concentração de infusão inibiram o crescimento microbiano e o valor sensorial do tofu branco pode ser mantido
Italian ryegrass subjected to doses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in plintossolo
The objective of this study was to evaluate the combination of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) doses associated with the maximum total dry matter production of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). The experiment was conducted in pots in a greenhouse at the Federal University of Pampa, Campus Itaqui – RS, Brazil. A total of 20 treatments were tested, resulting from the combination of four N doses (0, 75, 125, and 175% of the recommended N rate) and five doses of P and K (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the recommended rates). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Two, five, six, and five cuts were made referring to doses of N, 0, 75, 125, and 175%, respectively, as the plant reached 20 cm in height to obtain total dry matter (DM) production. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (P < 0.05) using the F test with adjusted regressions. The model with the highest significance level between linear and quadratic regressions was selected. Dry matter production (kg ha-1) exhibited a quadratic response to increasing N doses across all P and K levels, with higher production between levels 75 and 125% of N. The highest yield was obtained with 125% of the recommended N dose combined with 150% of the recommended P and K doses, with a mean DM production of 625 kg ha-1.
Biomass and nutrient allocation as a function of stem bending of mutamba seedlings
The use of hardening or acclimatization processes in woody species seedlings has shown contradictory results in post-planting mortality. The hardening or acclimatization of woody species seedlings via mechanical treatment has resulted in differentiated nutritional allocation among plant tissues. The objective of this study was to test the effect of daily stem bending frequencies (zero, 10, 20, or 40 bends) on macronutrient allocation in Guazuma ulmifolia seedlings, using a randomized block design with five replicates of seven seedlings. The treatments tested did not show evidence of stress induction in seedlings when measured by the electrolyte leakage test in root tissues, but increased calcium and magnesium levels in the stem. The use of 10 daily stem bends resulted in an increase in nitrogen concentration in stem tissues, while phosphorus concentration increased in both the stem and roots. The imposition of 10 or 20 daily stem bends resulted in a reduction in potassium concentration in the roots, as well as an increase in calcium and magnesium levels in the stem. Due to the pioneering nature of the species and its ability to acclimatize mechanically, hardened mutamba seedlings with stem bends deserve to be tested in revegetation projects.
Root architecture of guava seedlings (Psidium guajava L.) obtained through vegetative propagation by herbaceous cuttings
In guava trees, asexual propagation by cuttings is a common technique in the quest to obtain high-quality seedlings, as it ensures greater uniformity and a shorter juvenile period. For the establishment of cuttings, the dedifferentiation process is fundamental for root formation, and lesions at the base of the cutting can influence the final result. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the root system architecture of guava trees of the ‘Thai’ variety as a function of different types of basal cuts on the cuttings. For the trial, guava cuttings of the ‘Thai’ variety were subjected to four types of basal cuts (inverted wedge, normal wedge, bevel cut, and straight cut), treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA 6000 ppm), and randomly arranged in blocks. The cuttings underwent the following assessments 49 and 70 days after implantation: fresh and dry mass of the aerial and root parts, number, length, volume, diameter, and angle of insertion of the roots. The guava cuttings had a 100% survival rate under the test conditions, and the inverted wedge cut generally performed better due to its larger cut area, allowing greater exposure of meristematic tissues to the dedifferentiation process. Therefore, it can be concluded that the inverted wedge cut is superior to the others because it presents a greater number of roots, root length, fresh root mass in the first season, and greater dry root mass in the second season.
Effect of administration of two commercial formulations based on bovine recombinant somatotropin on the productive and economic performance of dairy cows
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administering two commercial formulations based on recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the performance of dairy cows. Fifty-four Girolando cows were used, distributed across three treatments. The first group (n=17) received 500 mg of Sometribove zinc (1.4 ml of Lactotropin® Elanco) every 14 days. The second group (n=19) received 500 mg of rbST (2 ml of Boostin® MSD Animal Health) every 14 days. The third group (n=18) did not receive rbST (control). Milk production was measured every ten days, from 109 to 172DIL, twice a day at 12-hour intervals. Milk production was evaluated as a repeated measure over time, referring to the moments of data collection (time) according to each treatment, as well as the Treatment*Time interaction, using the Repeated command generated by the Mixed procedure of SAS. The SAS LSMeans mean test was used to compare treatments, using the SAS Glimmix procedure. It was found that there was no statistical difference between cows that received Lactotropin® and those in the Boostin® group; however, both showed superior results compared to the control group. The average increase in production with Boostin compared to the control was 3.74 L/cow/day, while Lactotropin was 3.29 L/cow/day. Considering the values of each dose, R$18.50 and R$33.00 respectively, and the sale price per liter of milk produced of R$2.05. We can see from the results obtained that Boostin provides a profit margin of R$6.35/cow/day for every R$1.32 invested. While Lactotropin requires an investment of R$2.36, generating a profit margin of R$4.39/cow/day. Therefore, the most viable option to use will be Boostin, which has a lower commercial value, generating a higher profit margin.